Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Film-Coated Tablets 500mg
Mechanism of Action
As a member of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, ciprofloxacin exerts its antimicrobial effect through selective inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase. This essential enzyme catalyzes ATP-dependent negative supercoiling of DNA by transiently cleaving double-stranded DNA to facilitate topological reorganization. By impairing gyrase-mediated supercoiling dynamics, ciprofloxacin disrupts DNA replication processes and induces rapid termination of bacterial DNA synthesis.
Drug Interactions
Methylxanthines: Coadministration with theophylline may elevate systemic exposure and extend the elimination half-life of theophylline, potentially exacerbating its adverse effects. Therapeutic drug monitoring with dosage adjustment is recommended when concurrent use is unavoidable.
Cation-Containing Products: To prevent chelation-mediated absorption reduction, administer ciprofloxacin tablets either ≥2 hours before or ≥4 hours after intake of iron supplements, sucralfate, or antacids containing polyvalent cations (Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, Ca²⁺). This precaution does not apply to H₂-receptor antagonists.
NSAIDs: Clinical evidence suggests that combining fenbufen with quinolones may enhance neuroexcitatory effects and lower seizure threshold, necessitating caution.
Immunosuppressants: Transient serum creatinine elevation has been documented during cyclosporine cotreatment. Regular renal function monitoring is advised in such cases.
Anticoagulants: Potentiation of warfarin's anticoagulant effect requires enhanced INR monitoring when used concomitantly.
Hypoglycemics: Synergistic hypoglycemic effects may occur with glibenclamide combination therapy, warranting blood glucose surveillance.
Renal Transport Inhibitors: Probenecid competitively inhibits ciprofloxacin's tubular secretion, increasing systemic exposure. Dose reduction may be required.
Gastrokinetic Agents: While metoclopramide accelerates ciprofloxacin absorption (reducing Tmax), overall bioavailability remains unaffected.
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