Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Injection

Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Injection is used in children (1 – 18 years) to prevent delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) as a second-line option. In adults, it helps prevent post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV), treats symptomatic nausea and vomiting (including acute migraine-induced symptoms), and prevents radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV). The drug stimulates upper gastrointestinal tract activity, enhances gastric emptying, and acts as a dopamine-receptor antagonist.

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Products Specifications

Products	Specification	Vomume of vials	Packing form
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Injection	BP latest version	2ml brown/transparent ampoule	10 or 100 amps/box

Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Injection is indicated for various conditions in both pediatric and adult populations. In children (1 – 18 years), it serves as a second-line option to prevent delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and treat established post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). However, its use in other pediatric indications is not recommended. For adults, Metoclopramide Injection has several therapeutic applications:

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PONV Prevention: It helps prevent post-operative nausea and vomiting.

Symptomatic Treatment: The drug effectively manages nausea and vomiting, including acute migraine-induced symptoms.

RINV Prevention: It is used to prevent nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy.

Pharmacological Properties

Mechanism of Action: Metoclopramide's action is closely tied to parasympathetic nervous control of the upper gastrointestinal tract. It encourages normal peristaltic action, restores coordination, and increases gastric emptying. Additionally, it acts as a dopamine-receptor antagonist, providing a direct anti-emetic effect on the medullary chemoreceptor trigger zone.

Absorption: Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Injection is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes variable first-pass metabolism in the liver.

Biotransformation and Elimination: Metoclopramide Hydrochloride Injection is metabolized in the liver, and its primary route of elimination is via the kidney. It crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. The elimination half-life is approximately 6 hours.

Renal Impairment: In severe renal impairment, clearance is reduced by up to 70%, and the plasma elimination half-life is prolonged.

Hepatic Impairment: Patients with cirrhosis of the liver may experience accumulation of metoclopramide, resulting in reduced plasma clearance.

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